RULES OF DERIVATION OF QUALIFYING ADJECTIVES

 

 Rules for deriving qualifying adjectives from Latin

 

To obtain a given qualifying adjective from Latin, we look up the corresponding Latin qualifying adjective in the English-Latin dictionary. In the Latin dictionary, qualifying adjectives are indicated by the nominative form for the three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. According to the termination at the nominative singular in the three genders, qualifying adjectives are subdivided into:

 

1) adjectives of the first class: they have the singular nominative ending in -us (masculine), -a (feminine) and -um (neuter). Example: magnus, magna, magnum -> large or in -er (masculine), -a (feminine), -um (neuter). Example: pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum -> beautiful;

 

2) adjectives of the second class: they are divided into three groups.

 

  1. First group: they have the singular nominative with three forms: one for the masculine, one for the feminine and one for the neuter. Example: acer (m.), acris (f), acre (n.) -> acute
  2. Second group: have the singular nominative with two forms: one equal for the masculine and feminine and one for the neuter. Example: fortis (m. and f.) forte (n.) -> strong
  3. Third group: they have the singular nominative with one form for all three genders. Example: audax (m.,f.,n.) and genitive audacis -> daring.

 

There are five cases when looking up the word in the English-Latin dictionary.

 

1st case: adjective of the first class in -us, -a, -um. The feminine ending in -a is considered and la-i is inserted instead of the -a. Example: translation of the English adjective large -> in the dictionary I find: magnus, a, um. I consider the feminine magna and instead of the final a I insert the -i obtaining the Eurizian adjective magni.

 

2nd case: adjective of the first class in -er, -a, -um. We consider the feminine ending in -a and instead of the -a we insert the -i. Example: translation of the English adjective beautiful -> in the dictionary I find: pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum . I consider the feminine pulchra and instead of the final a I insert the -i obtaining the Eurizian adjective pulchri.

 

3rd case: adjective of the second class -first group with three forms. We consider the feminine ending in -is and instead of the -is we insert  -i. Example: translation of the Italian adjective acute, intelligent -> in the dictionary I find: acer, acris, acre. I consider the feminine acris and instead of the final -is I insert the -i, obtaining the Eurizian adjective acri.

 

4th case: adjective of the second class - second group with two forms. We consider the masculine and feminine output in -is and instead of the -is we insert the -i. Example: translation of the English  adjective strong -> in the dictionary I find: fortis, e. I consider the masculine and feminine fortis and instead of the final -is I insert the -i, obtaining the Eurizian adjective forti.

 

5th case: adjective of the second class - third group with one form. We consider the genitive form in -is and instead of the -is we insert the -i. Example: translation of the English  adjective daring -> in the dictionary I find the single exit in the nominative and the genitive: audax, audacis. I consider the genitive audacis and instead of the final -is I insert the -i, obtaining the Eurizian adjective audaci. 

 

 

Rules for deriving qualifying adjectives from Esperanto

 

Qualifying adjectives that were produced by the evolution of civilisation after the Roman era and therefore do not exist in Latin are obtained in Eurizian from the corresponding Esperanto adjective by applying the following procedure:

 

  • we consider the transliterated Esperanto adjective in the Latin alphabet according to the transformation rules already seen in previous section. The transliterated adjective always ends in -a;

 

  • a letter at the end of the word is replaced by i;

 

  • If the transliterated adjective ends in -ia, the -ia ending is replaced with -iali.

 

Let us see an example. Let us consider the adjective 'digital' (an adjective that does not exist in Latin). In Esperanto, 'digital' translates as 'diĝita'. Applying the transliteration, it becomes 'digita' and, by replacing the final a with i, we finally obtain the Eurizian adjective digiti (pronunciation: dighìti, with the tonic accent on the penultimate i).