THE ADJECTIVES

 General aspects

All adjectives can be grouped into the following classes:

• qualifying;
• possessive;
• demonstrative;
• indefinites;
• interrogatives;
• exclamations;
• numerals.

In Euriziano, all adjectives have only one form and are invariable in number and  gender and usually immediately precede the noun they refer to.

 

Qualifying adjectives

 General aspects

 

Most Eurizian qualifying adjectives are derived from the corresponding Latin qualifying adjectives modified according to precise rules. If the corresponding Latin qualifying adjective does not exist in Latin, the corresponding Esperanto word is considered and the Eurizian adjective is derived from it according to the rules laid down in this treatise.  In the page "Eurizian Vocabulary", all the rules of derivation for deriving Eurizian adjectives from the corresponding Latin and Esperanto adjective are explained. For each adjective, there is only one form valid for the singular and plural and also valid for all three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter) . The qualifying adjective in Euriziano is thus invariable and always ends in -i.

 

The comparative degree

 

Comparative of equality: It is formed according to the following scheme:

• tam + adjective + quam + second comparative term.

Example: Mario est tam alti quam Marco -> Mario is as tall as Mark.

 

Minority comparative: Formed according to the following scheme:

• minus + adjective + quam + second comparative term .

Example: Mario est minus alti quam Marco -> Mario is less tall than Mark.

 

Majority comparative: Formed according to the following scheme:

• magis + adjective + quam + second comparative term 

example: Mario est magis alti quam Marco -> Mario is taller than Mark.

 

The reinforcing expressions of the comparative (much more,much less,a little more,a little less) are translated as:

much more -> multo magis;

much less -> multo minus;

a little more -> paulo magis;

a little less -> paulo minus;

The structure of the comparative as described also applies in the comparison of adjectives:

meblo essebat magis alti quam longi -> the furniture was taller than long.

 

The superlative degree

The absolute superlative is formed by preceding the adjective by multo or maxime (with a stronger valence). Examples:

very bautiful -> maxime pulchri or multo pulchri;

very tall -> maxime alti or multo alti.

 

The majority relative superlative (the highest or the most beautiful  ) is formed by introducing the adjective according to the scheme:

 

Lemagis + adjective + ex or inter + noun expressing the scope of comparison,;

- the preposition ex is used when the noun expressing the scope of comparison is singular;

- the preposition inter is used when the noun expressing the field of comparison is plural.

example: Italy is the most beautiful nation in the world -> Italia est natione lemagis pulchri ex mundo.

 

The relative superlative of minority (the least) is formed by introducing the adjective according to the scheme:

Leminus + adjective + ex or inter + noun expressing the scope.

- the preposition ex is used when the noun expressing the scope is singular;

- the preposition inter is used when the noun expressing the scope is plural.

example: Karolo essebat leminus callidi inter discipulos -> Charles was the least astute of the pupils.

 

The reinforcer of the relative superlative is obtained by using longe (by far):

Marco est longe lemagis alti inter discipulos -> Marco is by far the tallest of the pupils.

 

Possessive Adjectives

 

Eurizian possessive adjectives have only one form valid for all genders (masculine feminine and neuter)  and are invariant in number. They are as follows:

 

mei -> my .  Example: I give you my books -> ego donat mei libros ad te;

tui -> your.  Example: we knew your mother -> Nos noscevit tui matre;

sui -> his, her, their (reflexive form: used when referring to the third person subject whether singular or plural). Example: They sold their land (they is referred to them, i.e. the plural subject who sold) -> Ili vendevit sui agro;

eius -> his, her (when referring to a third person singular other than the subject) and can be associated with singular and plural nouns. Example: she bought his land (the land of another person other than the subject she)-> Ea emevit eius agro which corresponds to: she bought his (or her) land;

nostri -> our. Example: We have sold our house -> Nos vendevit nostri domo;

vestri -> your. Example: I knew your parents -> Ego noscevit vestri parentes;

eorum ->  their (when referring to a third person plural other than the subject) and can be associated with both singular and plural nouns. Example:  He bought their house -> Is emevit eorum domo.

They have burnt their house (they are the owners of the house, they burnt their own house) -> Ili ardevit sui domo.

 

 Demonstrative Adjectives

 

The adjectives 'this', 'these', referring to something that is close to the speaker is translated as hoc, invariable, valid for all genders  in both the singular and plural.

 

Examples: this book is by the master -> Hoc libro est de magistro;

 Tomorrow I will buy these flowers -> Cras ego emebit hoc flores.

 

The adjectives 'that', 'those' referring to something that is distant from the speaker is translated with the invariable illi, valid for all genders and all cases both singular and plural.

 

Examples:  That book is by the master -> Illi libro est de magistro;

Tomorrow I will buy those flowers -> Cras ego emebit illi flores.

 

 To express 'this' in a derogatory sense  we use invariable isti, valid for all genders  in both the singular and plural.

Example: move this damn chair! -> Amoves isti sella!     

  

The adjective 'same' is translated as idem invariable, valid for all genders  both singular and plural. Idem in comparative sentences has the second comparative term  introduced by quam.

Example: He has the same face as his father -> Is habet idem facie quam sui patre.

The reinforcer himself, herself, itself is translated as ipsi, an invariable valid for all genders  both singular and plural.

Example: The President of the Republic himself will reward her -> Ipsi Prezidanto de Respublica praemiabit eam.

Indefinite Adjectives

 

Even the indefinite adjectives of Euriziano are invariant for gender and number. Below you can find the corresponding translation in Eurizian for each indefinite adjective.

 

Adjectives indicating quantity