THE SUBSTANTIVES

General aspects

 

Most Eurizian nouns are derived from the corresponding Latin nouns, while terms developed after Roman times are taken from Esperanto. The Eurizian words are obtained from the corresponding Latin or Esperanto terms by means of precise rules of derivation that are amply illustrated in  https://www.euriziano.eu/vocabolario/ of this site. As far as gender is concerned, in Euriziano nouns are divided into three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter and, unlike Latin and Esperanto, the following rules apply, which do not allow for any exceptions:

 

1) All proper or common names referring to male persons or animals are masculine;

2) All proper or common nouns referring to female persons or animals, flowers and plants are feminine;

3) All names of inanimate entities and objects (both concrete and abstract) and all those that do not fall under categories 1 and 2 are neuter.

As far as number is concerned, the noun can be singular or plural.

 

Unlike Latin, the flexion theory does not apply to the Eurizian noun, and each noun has only two forms: one for the singular and one for the plural. The plural is obtained by simply adding an s to the singular form. As in Latin, the determinative article does not exist in the Eurizian language. The logical function is determined by the position of the noun in the sentence and the prepositions. In fact, the subject always immediately precedes the verb, the object complement always immediately follows the verb and indirect complements are identified by specific prepositions Examples: lupo corresponds to 'the wolf' (singular, subject or object complement); rosa corresponds to 'the rose' (singular, subject or object complement ); lupos corresponds to 'the wolves' (plural, subject or object complement), rosas corresponds to 'the roses' (plural, subject or object complement).  In contrast to Latin, in Euriziano there is the indeterminative article une, which is valid for all three genders and precedes the noun: une rosa corresponds to 'a rose' (singular, subject or object complement); une lupo corresponds to 'a wolf' (singular, subject or object complement).

 

Classification of nouns

 

Based on their ending, all nouns in the Eurizian language can be classified into three groups:

 

- nouns ending in -a -> first group;

- nouns ending in -o -> second group;

- nouns ending in -e-> third  group.

 

a) Nouns ending in -a  (first group)

Example: rosa -> the rose (singular form)  ; rosas -> the roses (plural form)

 

Let's look at some examples of nouns from the first group in the translation of Eurizian sentences.

The rose is the most beautiful flower -> Rosa est flore lemagis pulchri.

Roses smell good -> Rosas olet bene.

Marco gave Anna a red rose -> Marco donavit une rubri rosa ad Anna.

Anna adorned her garden with white roses -> Anna ornabat sui horto cum albi rosas.

 

Nouns ending in -o (second group)

 Example: lupo -> the wolf (singuar form) ; lupos  -> the  wolves (plural form)

 

Let's look at some examples of nouns from the second group in the translation of Eurizian sentences.

The wolf is a wild animal-> Lupo est feri animale.

Wolves live in the woods-> Lupos vivet in silvas.

Men fear the wolf-> Homines timet lupo.

 Lucius was attacked by wolves-> Lucio essevit aggredeti a lupos

 

Nouns ending in -e (Third group)

Example: leone -> the lion (singular form) , leones -> the lions (plural form)

 

Let us take a look at some examples of nouns of the third group in the translation of sentences in Euriziano.

The lion is considered the king of animals-> Leone est reputati rege de animales.

Lions live in the savannah-> Leones vivet in savano.

Men fear the lion-> Homines timet leone.

The gazelle managed to escape from the lions -> Dorcade possevit evadere e leones.